Researchers from the Eugin's Basic Research Laboratory at the Barcelona Science Park and the Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG) describes for the first time the use of an experimental technique that has made it possible to analyse the functioning of human sperm in contact with the cytoplasmic content of the eggs in vitro. The research has been presented at the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) annual conference, which ends today in Geneva, Switzerland.

With the technology developed in this study – led by Dr. Isabelle Vernos, ICREA research professor at CRG–  researches have been able to study have been able to study the incidence of sperm morphology, concentration, and motility in the embryo formation process. By doing so, it was possible to verify in the laboratory, and before fertilisation occurred, whether in this medium the sperm cell fulfilled its functions before insemination of the egg.

“The aim of the research was to develop a technique prior to the use of male gametes in an assisted reproduction cycle in order to verify whether their functions were developing correctly,” explains Dr. Montserrat Barragan, co-author of the study and head of the Eugin’s research laboratory at the Barcelona Science Park.

“The results are preliminary and we have to see more cases, but it seems that there is a relationship between the characteristics of the selected sperm cells and their ability to correctly generate an embryo,” Barragan adds. “The first results open the way for further research in this direction,” she says.

After a study with 20 semen samples, the researchers, by means of this novel technique, were able to observe the relationship between the visible characteristics of sperm cells detected in the usual seminograms – such as morphology, concentration and motility – and their functional capacity in the first processes of cell division, namely, the first stages of embryo development.

“The methodology of the study has been novel,” says Farners Amargant, the first author of the research and pre-doctoral researcher at CRG and Eugin. “Twenty samples of human sperm – with different morphological characteristics and levels of concentration and motility – were analyzed and incubated ex vivo (outside a living organism) in the eggs of the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis), a model organism widely used in biomedical research”. The sample of human sperm is brought into contact with the cytoplasm of the frog oocyte and from here we analyse its ability to construct the bipolar mitotic spindle and other functions involved in cell division.

From basic science to clinical practice

30% of fertilised eggs in assisted reproduction processes stop developing in the early stages of cell division. This leads scientists to think that functional defects in the sperm cell, such as a defect in pronuclear fusion, or in the construction of the so-called bipolar mitotic spindle – phases subsequent to DNA duplication – could be responsible for these failures. “The technique developed will allow us to observe more closely the incidence of this type of defect in order to understand if they influence the proper development of the embryo,” Farners concludes.

This research project began in 2014 following an internal initiative of the CRG to promote multidisciplinary research aimed at both patients and society. It constitutes a successful case that has given rise to a fruitful scientific partnership between the Eugin group and Isabelle Vernos’s laboratory at the CRG. The first author of the paper, the pre-doctoral researcher Farners Amargant, is taking part in an industrial doctorate, which is an initiative by the Generalitat de Catalunya aimed at capturing talent, training scientists and contributing to the competitiveness and internationalisation of the business fabric.

A leading assisted reproduction centre 

Eugin group –made up of Eugin, CIRH, Biogenesi, Copenhagen Fertility Center and Huntington Reproductive Medicine–  is a leading assisted reproduction centre on both a Spanish and international scale with clinics in Madrid, Barcelona, Italy, Denmark, Colombia and Brazil. Since its inauguration in Barcelona in 1999, the centre has treated thousands of patients every year across Europe. In 2016, Eugin increased the number of treatments to 21,522, which places it as one of the European leaders in the sector.  

Eugin’s Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Reproduction is based in the Barcelona Science Park. In these cutting-edge facilities, where the group’s basic research is focused, its team of specialists is carrying out advanced studies aimed at broadening its knowledge of human fertility. It also coordinates scientific projects with working groups from European universities and research centers.

Eugin’s scientific director, Dr. Rita Vassena, is a member of the Executive Committee of ESHRE, which counts among its founders the father of assisted reproduction, the late Nobel laureate Robert Edwards, as well as including thousands of specialists from all over the world.